How does impaired metabolism or excretion affect drug toxicity?

Impaired metabolism or excretion can significantly impact drug toxicity by contributing to drug accumulation in the body. When the body's ability to break down and eliminate medications is compromised, drugs can remain in the system longer than intended. This prolonged presence can lead to higher concentrations of the drug in the bloodstream, increasing the risk of toxic side effects.

For instance, if a patient has liver or kidney dysfunction, the metabolism or excretion processes that typically help regulate drug levels are hindered. As a result, therapeutic drugs may not only reach potentially harmful levels but can also lead to adverse reactions or toxicity, causing a range of complications that could be severe or even life-threatening. Thus, recognizing the importance of metabolism and excretion is crucial in clinical settings when managing patient medications, particularly for those who are at risk of drug toxicity.